A great way is to observe how customers navigate your software when you give them a certain task to do, or just do whatever they usually do when they use your software. For physical products you can also do this.
Generally analytics tools are integrated with the product team/ stakeholders trying to understand the user behaviour basis the insights - I feel a lot of it is left to the subjectivity/hypothesis building and validation.
In my brief experience thusfar, I would say session replay tools are the best way to evaluate your user experience. Visually observing how your user interacts with your product reveals a lot of information
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